• Molecular visualisation software?can be used to help understand molecular structures
  • Macromolecules like?protein,?DNA,?RNA?and?complex carbohydrates?can be?visualised as 3-D structures
• This allows researchers to analyse macromolecules and/or study interactions between them
  • Primary sequence?information can be related to structure and function
  • This helps to relate how?structure?might relate to?chemical?or?biological behaviour
• Macromolecules can be represented in many different ways including?ball and stick atom models?or?simplified ribbon?representations that show the protein backbone
• Most molecular visualisation software is?freely available on the Internet?or can be accessed through many bioinformatics repositories such as the Protein Data Bank (PDB)

Analysing the association between protein and DNA within a nucleosome

• Visit the?Protein Data Bank PDB site?and search for:?6T79 structure of human nucleosome?(do not put the search term in quotes)
• Select the “3D view” to view the protein structure in?mol*
  • The 3-D structure of the nucleosome can be viewed
  • The?DNA double helix?can be clearly seen surrounding the?histone proteins
  • Rotate?or?zoom?into the image to visualise the different components
  • The DNA can be seen to make?two loops around the histone?octamer core
• Look carefully - the tails of each histone protein can be seen projected from the nucleosome core
  • These can be?chemically modified?to help?regulate gene expression
• Try?changing different settings?in the viewer or select a different viewer such as JSmol

Structure of human nucleosome yeast tRNA showing the association between DNA (in 2 loops around the edge) and histones (central region)?