??Tariff?is the indirect taxes on the prices of imported goods to discourage domestic demand.
??Subsidies is government grants paid to domestic producers to reduce their production costs, enabling them to sell their products at lower prices than overseas producers.
??Quota?is a limit on the volume of an imported good allowed into a country.
??Embargo?is a ban on the importation of a product or products from overseas.
??Unreasonable quality controls for imported products.
与之相反,贸易逆差则是指,各国家或地区在一定时期内的进口额大于出口额的现象。一般表明一国的对外贸易处于较为不利的地位。
??Trade deficit occurs when a country imports more than it exports.
??Budget deficit occurs when government spending exceeds revenue
??Budget surplus occurs when government spending exceeds revenue
??Primary sector:?the extraction and production of natural resources (agriculture, fishing, and activities such as mining, and oil extraction.)
??Secondary sector: construction and manufacturing(food processing, textiles, clothing, iron and electronics.)
??Tertiary sector: personal and business services(Services and diverse activities as transportation, banking, retailing and information technology)
另一方面,过多的贸易壁垒会限制消费者的购买选择,减少了新的投资机会,也使得国内企业缺乏效率,更有可能遭到其他国家的报复。
??Dumping is a form of predatory pricing. It involves one country ‘flooding’ another with a product at a price significantly below its market price to force rival producers out of business.
对中国而言,2017年中国经济的复苏很大程度上与出口的改善有较大关系,中美贸易战可能影响中国出口增速下滑,影响经济总量。
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