Intramolecular forces

• Intramolecular forces?are forces?within?a molecule
• Ionic bonding?is the?electrostatic attraction?between?positive?(cations) and?negative?(anions) ions in an ionic?crystal lattice
  • These ions are formed by transferring the electrons from one species to the other
• Covalent bonds?are formed when the outer electrons of two atoms are?shared
• Metallic bonding?is the?electrostatic attraction?of positively charged metal ions and their delocalised electrons in a?metal lattice

Intramolecular forces

Intermolecular forces

• Intermolecular forces?are forces?between?molecules and are also called?van der Waals’ forces
• Permanent dipole - permanent dipole?are the attractive forces between two neighbouring molecules with a permanent dipole
• Hydrogen?bonds?are a special type of?permanent dipole - permanent dipole?forces
• Instantaneous dipole - induced dipole?(London dispersion) forces are the attractive forces between a temporary dipole and a neighbouring molecule with an induced dipole

Intermolecular forces

• In general, the?intramolecular forces?are?stronger?than intermolecular forces
• The strengths of the types of bond or force are as follows:

The varying strengths of different types of bonds