The Chain Rule is a way of differentiating two (or more) functions
In many simple cases the above formula/substitution is not needed
The same can apply for the reverse – integration
Integrating with reverse chain rule
In more awkward cases it can help to write the numbers in before integrating
STEP 1: Spot the ‘main’ function
STEP 2: ‘Adjust’ and ‘compensate’ any numbers/constants required in the integral
STEP 3:?Integrate and simplify
Exam Tip
If in doubt you can always use a substitution.
Differentiation is easier than integration so if stuck try the opposite, eg.?sin?and?cos?are linked (remember that minus!) so if integrating a?sin?function, start by differentiating the corresponding?cos?function.
Lastly, check your final answer by differentiating it.