Br?nsted–Lowry Acid & Base Theory The Br?nsted-Lowry Theory?defines acids and bases in terms of proton transfer between chemical compounds A?Br?nsted acid?is a species that can donate a ...
Temperature & the Equilibrium Constant Changes in temperature?change?the equilibrium constants?Kc?and?Kp For an endothermic reaction such as: ???An increase in temperature: ???[H2] and [...
Equilibrium Constant Calculations Calculations involving?Kc In the equilibrium expression each figure within a square bracket represents the concentration in?mol dm-3 The?units?of?Kc?therefo...
Kp Expressions We have seen previously that equilibrium reactions can be quantified by reference to an equilibrium expression and equilibrium constant The?equilibrium expression?links the?eq...
Core Practical 7: Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Unknowns Test Tube Reactions Simple test tube reactions can be done to identify the following ions: Ammonium ions (NH4+) Halide ions (X-) ...
Core Practical 6: Chlorination of 2-Methylpropan-2-ol Synthesis of a haloalkane from an alcohol Measure 8 cm3?of 2-methylpropan-2-ol in a measuring cylinder Pour the 2-methylpropan-2-ol into...
Core Practical 5: Oxidation of Ethanol Oxidation of ethanol Primary alcohols can be oxidised to form?aldehydes?which can undergo further oxidation to form?carboxylic?acids When ethanol is ox...
Core Practical 4: Investigating Halogenoalkane Hydrolysis Halogenoalkanes can be?hydrolysed?with an?aqueous?solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) This reaction is ...
Core Practical 8: Determining Enthalpy Change of Reaction Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry?is a technique used to measure changes in enthalpy of chemical reactions A?calorimeter?can be...
