Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.3.2 Bonding in Alkenes
Bonding in Alkenes Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four covalent bonds with other atom...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.3.1 Describing Alkenes
Describing Alkenes All alkenes contain a?double carbon bond, which is shown as two lines between two of the carbon atoms i.e. C=C All alkenes contain a double carbon bond, which is the funct...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.5 Free Radicals
Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes Alkanes can undergo?free-radical substitution?in which a hydrogen atom gets?substituted?by a halogen (chlorine / bromine) Since alkanes are very unreacti...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.4 Reducing Pollution
Catalytic Converters To reduce the amount of pollutants released in car exhaust fumes, many cars are now fitted with?catalytic converters Precious metals (such as platinum) are coated on a h...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.3 Pollution from Combustion
Causes & Effects of Pollution Alkanes are?combusted?(burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels Complete combustion When alkanes are burnt in?excess?(plenty of) oxygen,?complete comb...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.2 Alkane Fuels
Alkane Fuels Alkanes are obtained from the?fractional distillation?and?cracking?of crude oil Fractional distillation of crude oil Crude oil is a?mixture?of hydrocarbons containing?alkanes,?c...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.2.1 Describing Alkanes
Describing Alkanes Hydrocarbons?are compounds containing hydrogen and carbon only There are four families of hydrocarbons you should know:?alkanes, alkenes, alkynes?and?arenes Alkanes, alken...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.1.5 Stereoisomerism
E/Z Isomerism Stereoisomers?are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space Geometrical (E/Z) isomerism Geometrical isomer...
Edexcel A Level Chemistry:复习笔记3.1.4 Structural Isomerism
Structural Isomerism Structural isomers?are compounds that have the same?molecular?formula but different?structural?formulae E.g. propene and cyclopropane Both propene and cyclopropane are m...
