CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.1.2 ATP
ATP: Universal Energy Currency Energy released during the reactions of respiration is transferred to the molecule?adenosine triphosphate?(ATP) ATP is a small and soluble molecule that provides a?sh...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记12.1.1 Energy
The Need for Energy Living organisms are composed of cells, and within each cell, many?activities?and?processes?are constantly being carried out to maintain life Work in a living organism requires?...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.6 Vaccination to Control Disease
Vaccination to Control Disease With the exception of the great success story surrounding the eradication of Smallpox following a ten year global initiative in 1980 no other pathogen has been eradic...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.5 How Vaccines work
How Vaccines Work A?vaccine?is a suspension of?antigens?that are intentionally put into the body to induce?artificial active immunity. A specific immune response where?antibodies?are released by?pl...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.4 Types of Immunity
Types of Immunity Active immunity Active immunity?is acquired when an antigen enters the body triggering a specific immune response (antibodies are produced) Active immunity is?naturally acquired?t...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.3 Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Diagnostic uses of monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibodies can be used?diagnostically?for: Pregnancy tests Diagnosing HIV Detecting the presence of pathogens such a...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.2 Making Monoclonal Antibodies
The Hybridoma Method Monoclonal antibodies are artificially produced antibodies produced from a single B cell clone The?hybridoma method?is a method used to make?monoclonal antibodies?(Mabs) The me...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.1 Antibodies
Antibodies: Structure & Functions Structure Antibodies are?globular glycoproteins?called?immunoglobulins Antibodies have a?quaternary?structure (which is represented as?Y-shaped), with?two ‘hea...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.1.4 Memory Cells & Immunity
Memory Cells & Long-Term Immunity During an immune response, B-lymphocytes form?two types of cell:?plasma cells?and?memory cells Memory cells form the basis of?immunological memory?– the cells ...
