CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.4 Types of Immunity
Types of Immunity Active immunity Active immunity?is acquired when an antigen enters the body triggering a specific immune response (antibodies are produced) Active immunity is?naturally acquired?t...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.3 Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies Diagnostic uses of monoclonal antibodies Monoclonal antibodies can be used?diagnostically?for: Pregnancy tests Diagnosing HIV Detecting the presence of pathogens such a...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.2 Making Monoclonal Antibodies
The Hybridoma Method Monoclonal antibodies are artificially produced antibodies produced from a single B cell clone The?hybridoma method?is a method used to make?monoclonal antibodies?(Mabs) The me...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.2.1 Antibodies
Antibodies: Structure & Functions Structure Antibodies are?globular glycoproteins?called?immunoglobulins Antibodies have a?quaternary?structure (which is represented as?Y-shaped), with?two ‘hea...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.1.4 Memory Cells & Immunity
Memory Cells & Long-Term Immunity During an immune response, B-lymphocytes form?two types of cell:?plasma cells?and?memory cells Memory cells form the basis of?immunological memory?– the cells ...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.1.3 Primary Immune Response
Primary Immune Response (Advanced) Lymphocytes?are another type of white blood cell They play an important part in the?specific?immune response They are?smaller?than phagocytes They have a?large nu...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.1.2 Antigens
Antigens, Self & Non-Self Every cell in the human body has?markers?that?identify?it Microorganisms (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic), such as bacteria and viruses, also have their own unique...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记11.1.1 Phagocytes
Phagocytes: Origin & Mode of Action Phagocytes are white blood cells that are produced continuously in the?bone marrow They are stored in the bone marrow before being?distributed around the bod...
CIE A Level Biology复习笔记10.2.3 Consequences of Antibiotic Resistance
Consequences of Antibiotic Resistance Consequences of antibiotic resistance Commonly prescribed antibiotics are becoming?less effective?for many reasons, the main being: Overuse of antibiotics?and ...
