AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.4 Shells and Orbitals
Electron Shells Shells The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the?electron?configuration Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in?principal energy levels?or?principal quantum ...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.3 Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique It is the most useful instrument for accurate determination of the relative atomic mass of an element, b...
AQA A Level Chemistry复习笔记1.1.2 Mass Number & Isotopes
Subatomic Structure of Atoms & Ions The mass of an atom is?concentrated?in the nucleus, because the nucleus contains the heaviest subatomic particles (the neutrons and protons) The mass ...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.13 Uses of Genetic Fingerprinting
Uses of Genetic Fingerprinting Polymerase chain reaction?(PCR) is a common molecular biology technique used in most applications of gene technology, for example,?DNA profiling?(eg. identific...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.12 Genetic Fingerprinting
Genetic Fingerprinting DNA can be collected from almost anywhere on the body, e.g. the root of a hair or saliva from a cup. After collection DNA must be prepared for gel electrophoresis so t...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.11 Gel Electrophoresis
Apparatus & Techniques: Gel Electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis is a technique used widely in the analysis of DNA, RNA and proteins During electrophoresis the molecules are separated acc...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.10 Variable Number Tandem Repeats
Variable Number Tandem Repeats Variable number tandem repeats?(VNTRs) are regions found in the non-coding part of DNA A short DNA sequence (e.g. GATA) is repeated a variable number of times ...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.9 Genetic Counselling & Personalised Medicine
Genetic Counselling & Personalised Medicine Genetic counselling Genetic screening can leave a patient or parent with many questions Genetic counsellors?are commonly used to help individu...
AQA A Level Biology复习笔记8.4.8 Screening Patients
Genetic Screening In certain circumstances (eg. in the pregnancy in an older woman, or pregnancy where there is a family history of a genetic disease) may require individuals to determine if...
