Enzyme Activity: Substrate Concentration The?greater?the?substrate concentration, the?higher?the?rate of reaction: As the number of substrate molecules increases, the likelihood of enzyme-substrate...
Enzyme Activity: Enzyme Concentration Enzyme concentration affects the rate of reaction The?higher?the?enzyme concentration?in a reaction mixture, the?greater the number of active sites?available a...
Enzyme Activity: Temperature Enzymes have a specific?optimum temperature This is the temperature at which they catalyse a reaction at the?maximum rate Lower temperatures?either?prevent?react...
Enzyme Activity: pH All enzymes have an?optimum pH?or a pH at which they operate best Enzymes are?denatured?at extremes of pH Hydrogen?and ionic bonds?hold the tertiary structure of the protein (ie...
Mechanism of Enzyme Action Enzymes have an?active site?where?specific substrates bind?forming an?enzyme-substrate complex The?active site?of an enzyme has a?specific shape?to fit a?specific substra...
Enzymes as Catalysts Enzymes are?biological catalysts ‘Biological’ because they function in?living systems ‘Catalysts’ because they?speed up the rate of chemical reactions?without being?used up?or ...
Translation Translation occurs?in the cytoplasm?of the cell After leaving the nucleus via a nuclear pore, the?mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome In the cytoplasm, there are?free molecules of tRNA...
Transcription A?gene?is a?sequence of nucleotide bases?in a DNA molecule that?codes for the production of a specific sequence of amino acids, that in turn make up a?specific polypeptide?(protein) T...
Nature of the Genetic Code A?gene?is a?sequence of nucleotides?that forms part of a DNA molecule (one DNA molecule contains many genes) This sequence of nucleotides (the gene)?codes for the product...
