Electronegativity: Definition Electronegativity?is the ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons towards itself in a covalent bond This phenomenon arises from the?positive?nucleus’s ability...
Electron Affinity When atoms gain electrons they become negative ions or?anions Electron affinity (EA)?can be thought of as the opposite process of ionisation energy and is defined as The amount of...
First Ionisation Energy The?ionisation?energy?(IE) of an element is the amount of energy required to remove?one mole?of electrons from?one mole?of atoms of an element in the gaseous state to form?o...
Atomic & Ionic Radius Atomic radius The?atomic?radius?of an element is a measure of the size of an atom It is the distance between the?nucleus?of an atom and the outermost electron shell It can...
Structure of the Periodic Table The?periodic table?is a list of all known elements arranged in order of?increasing atomic number,?from 1 to 118. In addition to this, the elements are arranged in su...
Electron Energy Levels Shells The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the?electronic?configuration Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in?principal energy levels?or?principal quantu...
Emission Spectra Electrons move rapidly around the nucleus in energy shells If their energy is increased, then they can jump to a higher energy level The process is reversible, so electrons can ret...
The Electromagnetic Spectrum The?electromagnetic spectrum?is a range of?frequencies?that covers all electromagnetic radiation and their respective?wavelengths?and?energy It is divided into bands or...
Relative Atomic Mass Calculations Isotopes?are different atoms of the?same?element?that contain the?same number of protons?and electrons but a?different number of neutrons These are atoms of the sa...
